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Internet censorship in Iran has been increasing. In the first few years of the 21st century, Iran experienced a great surge in Internet usage. As of 2013, Iran has 46 million Internet users with a penetration rate of 61.57%. As of 2012, an average of 27% of internet sites were blocked at a given time 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Current State of Internet Censorship in Iran )〕 and as of 2013 almost 50% of the top 500 visited websites worldwide were blocked, including YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, and Google Plus. The blocked sites have a wide range of topics including health, science, sports, news, and shopping. At the beginning of March 2012, Iran began implementing an internal Interanet. This effort is partially in response to Western actions to exploit its Internet connectivity such as the Stuxnet cyberattack which have fueled suspicions of foreign technologies. The government's response has included requiring the use of Iranian email systems, blocking popular webmail services, inhibiting encryption use by disabling VPNs and HTTPS, and banning externally developed security software.〔 == History == When initially introduced, the Internet services provided by the government within Iran were comparatively open. Many users saw the Internet as an easy way to get around Iran's strict press laws.〔Feuilherade, P. (2002.) ("Iran's banned press turns to the net" ). ''BBC.com''. Retrieved December 9, 2006.〕〔BBC News. (2003.) ("Iran Steps Up Net Censorship" ). ''BBC.com''. Retrieved December 9, 2006.〕 Internet censorship increased with the administration of conservative president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad in 2005. Regime opponents in Iran are said to rely heavily on Web-based communication with the outside world.〔 It has been reported that attempts to visit a blacklisted result in a redirect to peyvandha.ir after 25 seconds . Many bloggers, online activists, and technical staff have faced jail terms, harassment and abuse.〔Amnesty International. (2004.) ("Iran: Civil society activists and human rights defenders under attack" ). ''AmnestyInternational.org. Retrieved December 9, 2006.〕〔Reporters Without Borders. (2005.) ("Reporters Without Borders welcomes release of blogger Arash Sigarchi" ) ''RSF.com''. Retrieved December 9, 2006.〕 In 2006 and again in 2010, the activist group Reporters Without Borders labeled Iran one of the 12 or 13 countries it designated "Enemies of the Internet".〔Tait, R. (2006.) ("Censorship fears rise as Iran blocks access to top websites" ). ''The Guardian UK''. Retrieved December 9, 2006.〕〔Reporters Without Borders. (2010). ("Web 2.0 versus Control 2.0 - The Enemies of the Internet 2010" ). Retrieved November 25, 2010.〕 Reporters Without the Borders sent a letter to UN high Comissioner for human rights Navi Pillay to share its deep concern and ask for her intervention in the case of two netizens/free speech defenders, Vahid Asghari and Hossein Derakhshan. One of major accusation of Vahid Asghari was creating a national plan against censorship by the government.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=BBC فارسی - ايران - ابراز نگرانی گزارشگران بدون مرز برای وبلاگنویسان زندانی در ایران )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Death sentence for netizen confirmed, new arrests - Reporters Without Borders )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Boroujerdi Civil Rights Group - Vahid Asghari Was Sentenced to 18 Years Imprisonment )〕 In preparation for the March 2012 elections, the Iran government instituted strict rules on cybercafes and is preparing to launch a national Internet.〔("Iran clamps down on Internet use" ), Saeed Kamali Dehghan, ''The Guardian'', 5 January 2012〕 It also requires all Iranians to register their web sites with the Ministry of art and culture.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=صفحه اصلی - )〕 At the beginning of March 2012, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Iran’s Supreme Leader told Iranian authorities to set up a body to oversee the Internet. The body which is called The Supreme Council of Virtual Space will consist of the president, culture and information minister, the police and Revolutionary Guard chiefs. Their task will be to define policy and co-ordinate decisions regarding the Internet. This is thought to be the country’s authorities strongest attempt at controlling the Internet so far. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Internet censorship in Iran has been increasing. In the first few years of the 21st century, Iran experienced a great surge in Internet usage. As of 2013, Iran has 46 million Internet users with a penetration rate of 61.57%. As of 2012, an average of 27% of internet sites were blocked at a given time (【引用サイトリンク】title=Current State of Internet Censorship in Iran ) and as of 2013almost 50% of the top 500 visited websites worldwide were blocked, including YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, and Google Plus. The blocked sites have a wide range of topics including health, science, sports, news, and shopping.At the beginning of March 2012, Iran began implementing an internal Interanet. This effort is partially in response to Western actions to exploit its Internet connectivity such as the Stuxnet cyberattack which have fueled suspicions of foreign technologies.The government's response has included requiring the use of Iranian email systems, blocking popular webmail services, inhibiting encryption use by disabling VPNs and HTTPS, and banning externally developed security software.== History ==When initially introduced, the Internet services provided by the government within Iran were comparatively open. Many users saw the Internet as an easy way to get around Iran's strict press laws.Feuilherade, P. (2002.) ("Iran's banned press turns to the net" ). ''BBC.com''. Retrieved December 9, 2006.BBC News. (2003.) ("Iran Steps Up Net Censorship" ). ''BBC.com''. Retrieved December 9, 2006. Internet censorship increased with the administration of conservative president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad in 2005. Regime opponents in Iran are said to rely heavily on Web-based communication with the outside world.It has been reported that attempts to visit a blacklisted result in a redirect to peyvandha.ir after 25 seconds .Many bloggers, online activists, and technical staff have faced jail terms, harassment and abuse.Amnesty International. (2004.) ("Iran: Civil society activists and human rights defenders under attack" ). ''AmnestyInternational.org. Retrieved December 9, 2006.Reporters Without Borders. (2005.) ("Reporters Without Borders welcomes release of blogger Arash Sigarchi" ) ''RSF.com''. Retrieved December 9, 2006. In 2006 and again in 2010, the activist group Reporters Without Borders labeled Iran one of the 12 or 13 countries it designated "Enemies of the Internet".Tait, R. (2006.) ("Censorship fears rise as Iran blocks access to top websites" ). ''The Guardian UK''. Retrieved December 9, 2006.Reporters Without Borders. (2010). ("Web 2.0 versus Control 2.0 - The Enemies of the Internet 2010" ). Retrieved November 25, 2010. Reporters Without the Borders sent a letter to UN high Comissioner for human rights Navi Pillay to share its deep concern and ask for her intervention in the case of two netizens/free speech defenders, Vahid Asghari and Hossein Derakhshan. One of major accusation of Vahid Asghari was creating a national plan against censorship by the government.(【引用サイトリンク】title=BBC فارسی - ايران - ابراز نگرانی گزارشگران بدون مرز برای وبلاگنویسان زندانی در ایران )(【引用サイトリンク】title=Death sentence for netizen confirmed, new arrests - Reporters Without Borders )(【引用サイトリンク】title=Boroujerdi Civil Rights Group - Vahid Asghari Was Sentenced to 18 Years Imprisonment )In preparation for the March 2012 elections, the Iran government instituted strict rules on cybercafes and is preparing to launch a national Internet.("Iran clamps down on Internet use" ), Saeed Kamali Dehghan, ''The Guardian'', 5 January 2012 It also requires all Iranians to register their web sites with the Ministry of art and culture.(【引用サイトリンク】title=صفحه اصلی - )At the beginning of March 2012, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Iran’s Supreme Leader told Iranian authorities to set up a body to oversee the Internet. The body which is called The Supreme Council of Virtual Space will consist of the president, culture and information minister, the police and Revolutionary Guard chiefs. Their task will be to define policy and co-ordinate decisions regarding the Internet. This is thought to be the country’s authorities strongest attempt at controlling the Internet so far.」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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